Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
https://trends.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2237-6089-2013-0044
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Review Article

Risk factors of suicide attempts by poisoning: review

Fatores de risco para tentativa de suicídio por envenenamento: revisão

Maria Cláudia da Cruz Pires; Tatiana de Paula Santana da Silva; Marcela Pires dos Passos; Everton Botelho Sougey; Othon Coelho Bastos Filho

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Abstract

Introduction: Suicide, a complex and universal human phenomenon, is a major public health problem. This study reviewed the literature about the major risk factors associated with suicide attempts by poisoning.Methods: An integrative review of the literature was performed in databases (LILACS, PubMed and MEDLINE) to search for studies published between 2003 and 2013, using the following keywords: suicide, attempted; poisoning; risk factors. Inclusion criteria were: original study with abstract, sample of adults, and attempted suicide by poisoning in at least 50% of the study population.Results: Two hundred and nineteen studies were retrieved and read by two independent examiners, and 22 were included in the study. The main risk factors for suicide attempts by poisoning were female sex, age 15-40 years, single status, little education, unemployment, drug or alcohol abuse or addiction, psychiatric disorder and psychiatric treatment using antidepressants.Conclusion: Further prospective studies should be conducted to confirm these risk factors or identify others, and their findings should contribute to planning measures to prevent suicide attempts.

Keywords

Suicide, attempt, poisoning, risk factors

Resumo

Introdução: O suicídio é um fenômeno humano complexo, universal e que representa um grande problema de saúde pública. Diante disso, o presente estudo tem por objetivo revisar a literatura acerca dos principais fatores de risco associados à tentativa de suicídio por envenenamento.Método: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa em bases de dados (LILACS, PubMed e MEDLINE). A pesquisa focou artigos publicados entre os anos de 2003 a 2013, utilizando os seguintes descritores: suicide, attempted; poisoning; risk factors. Foram considerados os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ser artigo original, com resumo disponível, amostra composta por adultos, e que pelo menos 50% da população do estudo tenham tentado o suicídio por envenenamento.Resultados: Foram selecionados 219 artigos. Após a leitura por dois pesquisadores independentes, 22 foram incluídos na revisão. Os principais fatores de risco encontrados para a tentativa de suicídio por envenenamento foram: gênero feminino, idade entre 15 a 40 anos, estado civil solteiro, baixa escolaridade, desemprego, abuso/dependência de substancias e/ou álcool, ser acometido por transtorno psiquiátrico e estar em tratamento psiquiátrico com uso de antidepressivo.Conclusão: Considera-se que pesquisas adicionais, bem como a ampliação de estudos prospectivos, deverão ser realizadas para a confirmação ou identificação de novos fatores de risco. Estas medidas objetivam contribuir para o planejamento e prevenção da tentativa e do suicídio.

Palavras-chave

Tentativa de suicídio, envenenamento, fatores de risco

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