Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
https://trends.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2237-6089-2014-0026
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Review Article

Crisis interventions in online psychological counseling

Intervenções em crise nos atendimentos psicológicos online

Juliana Amaral Medeiros da Silva; Gerson Siegmund; Juliana Bredemeier

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2014-0026 Trends Psychiatry Psychother, vol.37, n4, p.171-182, 2015
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Abstract

Introduction: The world's population is often assailed by crises of various orders. Disasters caused by nature and by humans themselves also impact on people's mental health. Psychological crises, such as suicide attempts, represent a growing problem in mental health. When faced with such scenarios, specific strategies of crisis intervention are both appropriate and necessary. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature dealing with online psychological crisis intervention, describing and discussing their operational design, specific characteristics and applications. Method: A systematic review of literature indexed on the PubMed, PsycINFO, and SciELO databases identified by searches conducted from January to June of 2014. Results: The searches identified 17 empirical studies about online crisis interventions which were reviewed. Three crisis contexts emerged: 1) disasters, 2) risk/prevention of suicide, and 3) trauma. Eleven different intervention programs were described and the predominant treatment approach was cognitive behavioral therapy. The results showed that research into online psychological crisis intervention has been conducted in several different countries, especially the Netherlands and Australia, and that the users of these tools benefit from them. Conclusion: Online crisis interventions have been developed and researched in many countries around the world. In Brazil, there is still a lack of investment and research in this area.

Keywords

Crisis intervention, online therapy, crisis management

Resumo

Introdução: Frequentemente a população mundial tem sido atingida por crises de diversas ordens. Desastres provocados pela natureza e também pelo homem têm impactado na saúde mental das pessoas. Crises de ordem psicológica, como tentativas de suicídio, têm representado um problema crescente em termos de saúde mental. Frente a esse panorama, estratégias diferenciadas de intervenção em crises são oportunas e necessárias. Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a literatura existente sobre intervenções psicológicas em crises no contexto online, e com isso descrever seu funcionamento e discutir suas particularidades e possibilidades. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, através das bases de dados PubMed, PsycINFO e SciELO, no período de janeiro a junho de 2014. Resultados: A presente revisão resultou em 17 estudos empíricos que tratam sobre intervenções em crise no contexto online. Destes, três contextos de crise emergiram: 1) desastres, 2) risco/prevenção de suicídio e 3) trauma. Foram localizados 11 programas de intervenção, nos quais a abordagem de tratamento predominante foi a terapia cognitivo-comportamental. Os resultados mostraram que vários países têm desenvolvido pesquisas sobre intervenções psicológicas em crise no contexto virtual, em especial a Holanda e a Austrália, apresentando benefícios para quem se favorece dessa ferramenta. Conclusão: Intervenções em crise no contexto online existem e têm sido vastamente desenvolvidas ao redor do mundo. No Brasil, este tema ainda necessita investimento.

Palavras-chave

Intervenções em crise, terapia online, manejo de crises

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