Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
https://trends.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0002
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Original Article

Main mental disorders in crack-cocaine users treated at Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs in the city of Recife, Brazil

Principais transtornos mentais em usuários de crack em tratamento nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas na cidade do Recife, Brasil

Antonio Gomes de Castro Neto; Diego César Nunes da Silva; Magda da Silva Figueiroa

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0002 Trends Psychiatry Psychother, vol.38, n4, p.227-233, 2016
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Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Brazil's Northeast region has the highest crack-cocaine consumption in the country. Crack-cocaine has more intense effects than cocaine powder and can cause greater chemical dependence. Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad) are public health services that provide treatment for drug dependence. It is common for drug users, and particularly crack-cocaine users, to develop mental disorders. Objective: To evaluate the most common mental disorders in crack-cocaine dependents in treatment at CAPSad in the city of Recife, Brazil. Methods: The research database "Between rocks and shots: user profiles, consumption strategies, and social impact of crack cocaine" (CEP/CCS/UFPE no. 206/11) was consulted to establish the areas of crack cocaine consumption in the city of Recife. Results: There were 885 patients in treatment for crack-cocaine use, with a mean age of 29.8±9.4 years. The mean duration of drug use was 6.1±4.6 years. Most of the patients were males (80.3%), had left school at some point between the 1st and 9th grades (45.6%), were unemployed and/or seeking employment (52%) and used drugs daily (56.4%). Cocaine chemical dependence was more significant when correlated with use of crack-cocaine and other drugs such as medications and hallucinogens (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Data from this study showed strong associations between crack-cocaine uses and development of mental disorders, particularly when abuse of multiple substances occurs. Based on these data, there is a clear need for coordination of related public policies for support and social reintegration to provide these people with comprehensive care.

Keywords

Crack-cocaine, mental disorders, drug combinations

Resumo

Resumo Introdução: A região Nordeste do Brasil possui o maior consumo de crack no país. O crack proporciona efeitos mais intensos comparados aos da cocaína em pó, podendo causar dependência química maior. Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPSad) são serviços públicos de saúde que promovem o tratamento para dependência de drogas. Normalmente, o uso de drogas pode desenvolver transtornos mentais, principalmente em usuários de crack. Objetivo: Avaliar os principais transtornos mentais em dependentes de crack em tratamento nos CAPSad da cidade do Recife. Métodos: O banco de dados da pesquisa "Entre pedras e tiros: perfil dos usuários, estratégias de consumo e impacto social do crack" (CEP/CCS/UFPE nº 206/11) foi consultado para estabelecer as áreas de consumo de crack na cidade do Recife. Resultados: Havia 885 pacientes em tratamento devido ao uso de crack, com média de idade de 29,8±9,4 anos. A duração média do uso de drogas foi de 6,1±4,6 anos. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (80,3%), com primeiro ao nono ano incompleto (45,6%), desempregados e/ou procurando emprego (52%) e uso diário de drogas (56,4%). A dependência química da cocaína foi mais significativa quando correlacionada ao uso associado de crack e outras drogas como medicamentos e alucinógenos (p = 0,01) . Conclusão: Os dados deste estudo mostraram fortes associações entre uso de crack e desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais, particularmente quando ocorre multiuso. Mostra-se a necessidade de coordenação de outras políticas públicas de apoio e reintegração social para atendimento integral a essas pessoas.

Palavras-chave

Crack, transtornos mentais, combinações de drogas

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