Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
https://trends.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0094
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
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Temporal discounting and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood: reasons for devising different tasks

Desconto do futuro e o transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade: razões para o desenvolvimento de diferentes tarefas

Daniel Augusto Utsumi; Mônica Carolina Miranda

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0094 Trends Psychiatry Psychother, vol.40, n3, p.248-252, 2018
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Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Temporal discounting (TD) describes how a certain reward is seen as less valuable the more its delivery is postponed. There are two main types of TD tasks, hypothetical and real, both of which use monetary rewards. Over the last few years, however, variants of these tasks have been adjusted to assess clinical groups of children showing impulsivity as found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective: To review and discuss studies conducted over the last 10 years on the use of TD tasks in the assessment of pediatric patients with ADHD. Method: For this literature review, articles were non-systematically selected from PubMed, MEDLINE and SciELO databases to include experimental studies on the use of at least one TD paradigm to assess and distinguish ADHD and non-ADHD groups. Results: Of the studies assessed, 76.19% used hypothetical tasks, followed by real tasks (28.57%), and, finally, tasks using different types of reward, such as toys or rewarding activities (14.28%). Conclusions: Although assessed in few studies, real and alternative tasks appeared to be effective in differentiating clinical groups and suitable for investigating hot executive functions in childhood.

Keywords

ADHD, temporal discounting, hypothetical task, real task, children

Resumo

Resumo Introdução: O desconto do futuro (DF) é um processo no qual uma determinada recompensa é vista como menos valiosa à medida que sua entrega é postergada. Existem dois tipos principais de tarefas de DF, hipotéticas e reais, sendo que ambas usam recompensas monetárias. Nos últimos anos, no entanto, variantes dessas tarefas têm sido adaptadas para avaliar grupos clínicos de crianças que apresentam comportamento impulsivo, como no caso do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH). Objetivo: Revisar e discutir os estudos realizados nos últimos 10 anos sobre o uso de tarefas de DF na avaliação de pacientes pediátricos com TDAH. Método: Para esta revisão de literatura, os artigos foram selecionados de forma não sistemática nas bases de dados PubMed, MEDLINE e SciELO, de forma a incluir estudos experimentais sobre o uso de ao menos um paradigma de DF para a avaliação e distinção de grupos com e sem TDAH. Resultados: Dos estudos avaliados, 76,19% utilizaram tarefas hipotéticas, seguidas de tarefas reais (28,57%) e, finalmente, de tarefas com diferentes tipos de recompensa, como brinquedos ou atividades recompensadoras (14,28%). Conclusões: Embora avaliadas em poucos estudos, tarefas reais e alternativas parecem ser eficazes na diferenciação de grupos clínicos e adequadas para investigação de funções executivas quentes na infância.

Palavras-chave

TDAH, desconto do futuro, tarefa hipotética, tarefa real, crianças

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