Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
https://trends.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0118
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Review Article

The effects of parental rearing styles and early maladaptive schemas in the development of personality: a systematic review

O efeito dos estilos parentais e esquemas desadaptativos precoces no desenvolvimento da personalidade: uma revisão sistemática

Lissia Ana Basso; Amanda Borges Fortes; Cintia Pacheco e Maia; Elisa Steinhorst; Ricardo Wainer

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Abstract

Abstract Introduction: The present paper aims to identify and characterize studies that assess the repercussions of parental rearing styles on development of psychopathological symptoms and to examine the possible relations between parental rearing behaviors and development of early maladaptive schemas (EMS). Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the PsychNet, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases for empirical studies published up to 2018 in Portuguese, English, or Spanish that investigated and characterized the effects of parental rearing styles. Results: The electronic search identified 321 articles on the various different databases, only 22 of which met the criteria for inclusion and were read in full. Correlations were found between EMS and maternal rejection, parental rearing styles and depression in the studies. EMS were also found to act as mediators in the relationship between parental rearing styles and/or education and dysfunctional symptoms during personality development. Conclusions: In the studies selected, parental rearing styles stood out from other variables that influence personality development and activation of schematic patterns. It is therefore important to highlight the importance of conducting studies in this area to provide information that can promote care and prevention strategies in early childhood.

Keywords

Early maladaptive schemas, parental styles, personality

Resumo

Resumo Introdução: O objetivo do presente artigo é identificar e caracterizar estudos que avaliem a repercussão dos estilos parentais na formação de sintomas psicopatológicos e verificar uma possível relação dos padrões parentais com o desenvolvimento dos esquemas iniciais desadaptativos (EIDs). Método: Uma busca sistemática foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: PsychNet, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science e PubMed. Foram buscados estudos empíricos publicados até 2018, escritos em português, inglês ou espanhol, que investigassem e caracterizassem os efeitos dos estilos parentais. Resultados: A busca eletrônica identificou 321 artigos nas diferentes bases de dados, dentre os quais apenas 22 preencheram os critérios de seleção e foram lidos na íntegra. Os estudos demonstraram que há correlação entre EIDs, rejeição materna, estilos parentais e depressão. Também foi encontrada a participação dos EIDs como mediadores na relação entre estilos parentais e/ou educação e sintomas disfuncionais na formação da personalidade. Conclusão: Nos estudos selecionados, estilos parentais se destacaram entre as variáveis envolvidas na formação da personalidade e ativação dos padrões esquemáticos. Portanto, frisa-se a importância de estudos na área, a fim de aprofundar conhecimentos para promover saúde e melhores estratégias de prevenção em crianças.

Palavras-chave

Esquemas iniciais desadaptativos, estilos parentais, personalidade

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