Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
https://trends.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0134
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Original Article

Effectiveness of psycho-educational counseling on anxiety in preeclampsia

Eficácia do aconselhamento psicoeducacional sobre a ansiedade na pré-eclâmpsia

Tayebe Abazarnejad; Atefeh Ahmadi; Esmat Nouhi; Moghaddameh Mirzaee; Monavare Atghai

Downloads: 0
Views: 595

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Preeclampsia is a serious complication during pregnancy that not only influences maternal and fetal physical health, but also has maternal mental health outcomes such as anxiety. Prenatal anxiety has negative short- and long-term effects on pre- and postpartum maternal mental health, delivery, and mental health in subsequent pregnancies. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of individual psycho-educational counseling on anxiety in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Methods This was a randomized, intervention-controlled study involving two governmental hospitals in the municipality of Sirjan, Kerman, from January 30 2017 to March 31 2017. A total of 44 pregnant women with preeclampsia were assessed. The women were randomized into two groups: control (n=22) and intervention (n=22). The intervention consisted of two sessions of individual psycho-educational counseling. The level of anxiety was measured using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) as pretest before the first session and as posttest after the second session during the hospitalization period. Results There was a significant reduction in the anxiety level after the counselling sessions in the intervention group (p<0.005). In addition, there was a slight increase in the anxiety level in the control group after the study. Conclusion According to the results, psycho-educational counseling can significantly reduce the anxiety level in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare providers provide this type of therapeutic intervention for pregnant women after hospitalization, in order to reduce their anxiety level and its subsequent negative outcomes. Clinical trial registration: IRCT2017082029817N3.

Keywords

Psycho-educational counseling, anxiety, preeclampsia, pregnant women

Resumo

Resumo Introdução A pré-eclâmpsia é uma complicação séria durante a gravidez que não apenas influencia a saúde física da mãe e do feto, mas também tem consequências para a saúde mental materna, por exemplo ansiedade. A ansiedade pré-natal tem efeitos negativos e de longo prazo sobre a saúde mental da mãe antes e após o parto, sobre o parto, assim como sobre a saúde mental em gestações subsequentes. Objetivo Investigar a eficácia do aconselhamento psicoeducacional individual com relação aos níveis de ansiedade em gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia. Métodos Este foi um estudo randomizado, controlado, que envolveu dois hospitais governamentais na cidade de Sirjan, Kerman, de 30 de janeiro de 2017 a 31 de março de 2017. Um total de 42 gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia foram avaliadas. As mulheres foram randomicamente divididas em dois grupos: controle (n=22) e intervenção (n=22). A intervenção consistiu de duas sessões de aconselhamento psicoeducacional individual. O nível de ansiedade foi medido usando-se o Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) antes da primeira sessão (pré-teste) e após a segunda seção (pós-teste), durante o período de hospitalização. Resultados Houve uma redução significativa no nível de ansiedade após as sessões de aconselhamento no grupo intervenção (p<0,005). Além disso, houve um discreto aumento no nível de ansiedade no grupo controle após o estudo. Conclusão De acordo com os resultados deste estudo, o aconselhamento psicoeducacional pode reduzir de forma significativa o nível de ansiedade em gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia. Assim, recomenda-se que os profissionais de saúde ofereçam esse tipo de intervenção terapêutica para gestantes após a hospitalização, a fim de reduzir o nível de ansiedade e seus desfechos negativos. Registro do ensaio clínico: IRCT2017082029817N3.

Palavras-chave

Aconselhamento psicoeducacional, ansiedade, pré-eclâmpsia, gestantes

References

Delahaije DH, Dirksen CD, Peeters LL, Smits LJ. Anxiety and depression following preeclampsia or hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome: a systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92:746-61.

Janati Y. Psychiatry in midwifery. 2005.

Meijer JL, Bockting CL, Stolk RP, Kotov R, Ormel J, Burger H. Associations of life events during pregnancy with longitudinal change in symptoms of antenatal anxiety and depression. Midwifery. 2014;30:526-31.

Szita B, Baji I, Rigó Jr J. A praeeclampsia pszichoszociális vonatkozásai. Orvosi Hetilap. 2015;156:2028-34.

Abedian Z, Soltani N, Mokhber N, Esmaily H. Depression and anxiety in pregnancy and postpartum in women with mild and severe preeclampsia. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015;20:454.

Shamsi U, Hatcher J, Shamsi A, Zuberi N, Qadri Z, Saleem S. A multicentre matched case control study of risk factors for preeclampsia in healthy women in Pakistan. BMC Womens Health. 2010;10.

Szita B, Baji I, Rigo Jr J. Psychosocial aspects of preeclampsia. Orv Hetil. 2015;156:2028-34.

Roes EM, Raijmakers MT, Schoonenberg M, Wanner N, Peters WH, Steegers EA. Physical well-being in women with a history of severe preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2005;18:39-45.

Rigó J, Kecskeméti A, Molvarec A, Lefkovics E, Szita B, Baji I. Postpartum depression and anxiety in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2015;5:117-8.

Cetin O, Guzel Ozdemir P, Kurdoglu Z, Sahin HG. Investigation of maternal psychopathological symptoms, dream anxiety and insomnia in preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;30:2510-5.

Ahadi M. Comparison of maternal anxiety and attachment between primigravid women with history of fetal or neonatal death reffering to Mashhad health services. 2006.

Chen TH, Chang SP, Tsai CF, Juang KD. Prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in an assisted reproductive technique clinic. Hum Reprod. 2004;19:2313-8.

Brunton RJ, Dryer R, Saliba A, Kohlhoff J. Pregnancy anxiety: a systematic review of current scales. J Affect Disord. 2015;176:24-34.

Glynn LM, Schetter CD, Hobel CJ, Sandman CA. Pattern of perceived stress and anxiety in pregnancy predicts preterm birth. Health Psychol. 2008;27:43.

Ibanez G, Charles MA, Forhan A, Magnin G, Thiebaugeorges O, Kaminski M. Depression and anxiety in women during pregnancy and neonatal outcome: data from the EDEN mother-child cohort. Early Hum Dev. 2012;88:643-9.

Martini J, Petzoldt J, Einsle F, Beesdo-Baum K, Höfler M, Wittchen HU. Risk factors and course patterns of anxiety and depressive disorders during pregnancy and after delivery: a prospective-longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 2015;175:385-95.

Schetter CD, Tanner L. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012;25:141.

Staneva A, Bogossian F, Pritchard M, Wittkowski A. The effects of maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress during pregnancy on preterm birth: a systematic review. Women Birth. 2015;28:179-93.

Brouwers EP, van Baar AL, Pop VJ. Maternal anxiety during pregnancy and subsequent infant development. Infant Behav Dev. 2001;24:95-106.

Laplante DP, Barr RG, Brunet A, Du Fort GG, Meaney ML, Saucier JF. Stress during pregnancy affects general intellectual and language functioning in human toddlers. Pediatr Res. 2004;56:400-10.

Kinsella MT, Monk C. Impact of maternal stress, depression & anxiety on fetal neurobehavioral development. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2009;52.

McMahon CA, Ungerer JA, Beaurepaire J, Tennant C, Saunders D. Anxiety during pregnancy and fetal attachment after in-vitro fertilization conception. Hum Reprod. 1997;12:176-82.

Jokar E, Rahmati A. The effect of stress inoculation training on anxiety and quality of sleep of pregnant women in third trimester. J Fundam Mental Health. 2015;17:103-9.

Gedney JJ GT, Fillingim RB. Sensory and affective pain discrimination after inhalation of essential oils. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:599-606.

Hur MH CN, Yun H, Lee M, Song Y. Effects of delivery nursing care using essential oils on delivery stress response, anxiety during labor, and postpartum status anxiety. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2005;35:1277-84.

Mahram B. Validity of Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in Mashhad city. 1993.

Hoseini M. The effect of Benson relaxation education on anxiety status and digestive sign in IBS patients of Faghihi and Motahari hospitals in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 2003.

Shobeiri F, Taravati-Javad M, Soltani F, Karami M. Effects of progressive muscle relaxation counseling on anxiety among primigravida women referred to health care centers in hamadan. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2:1-9.

Bazrafshan MR GZ. The effect of slow stroke back massages on anxiety among primigravid women. J Hayat. 2010;16:34-40.

Mautner E, Stern C, Deutsch M, Nagele E, Greimel E, Lang U. The impact of resilience on psychological outcomes in women after preeclampsia: an observational cohort study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013;11.

Rutten BP, Hammels C, Geschwind N, Menne‐Lothmann C, Pishva E, Schruers K. Resilience in mental health: linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013;128:3-20.

Asghari E, Faramarzi M, Mohamadi AK. The effect of cognitive behavioural therapy on anxiety, depression and stress in women with preeclampsia. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10.

Chao-Min L. The effect of health education and mental nursing on the anxiety of patients with mild preeclampsia. Nurs Pract Res. 2011;13.

Bastani F, Hidarnia A, Kazemnejad A, Vafaei M, Kashanian M. A randomized controlled trial of the effects of applied relaxation training on reducing anxiety and perceived stress in pregnant women. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2005;50:36-40.

Delaram M, Soltanpour F. The effect of counseling in third trimester on anxiety of nulliparous women at the time of admission for labor. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2012;14:61-5.

Rummel-Kluge C, Pitschel-Walz G, Kissling W. Psycho-education in anxiety disorders: results of a survey of all psychiatric institutions in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Psychiatry Res. 2009;169:180-2.

Davis E. Heart and hands: a midwife’s guide to pregnancy and birth. 2004.

Chang MY, Wang SY, Chen CH. Effects of massage on pain and anxiety during labour: a randomized controlled trial in Taiwan. J Adv Nurs. 2002;38:68-73.

Dennis CL. Psychosocial and psychological interventions for prevention of postnatal depression: systematic review. BMJ. 2005;331.

Jeyabalan A. Epidemiology of preeclampsia: impact of obesity. Nutr Rev. 2013;71.

Mobashera J, Hasanuzzaman M, Mahbuba S, Leena K, Ahsan G, Thomas JK. Prevalence of preeclampsia in patients of pre-gestational diabetic pregnancy in Bangladesh. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2015;5:250.

Kooffreh ME, Ekott M, Ekpoudom DO. The prevalence of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women in the university of Calabar teaching hospital, Calabar- Saudi. J Health Sci. 2014.

Kordi M, Vahed A, RezaeeTalab F, Mazloum S, Lotfalizadeh M. Anxiety during pregnancy and preeclampsia: a case-control study. J Midwifery Reprod Health. 2017;5:814-20.

Pacher J, Brix E, Lehner R. The mode of delivery in patients with preeclampsia at term subject to elective or emergency Cesarean section. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014;289:263-7.

Tuovinen S, Eriksson JG, Kajantie E, Lahti J, Pesonen AK, Heinonen K. Maternal hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and self-reported cognitive impairment of the offspring 70 years later: the helsinki birth cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208.

Brussé I, Duvekot J, Jongerling J, Steegers E, De Koning I. Impaired maternal cognitive functioning after pregnancies complicated by severe pre-eclampsia: a pilot case-control study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87:408-12.

Min JA, Lee CU, Lee C. Mental health promotion and illness prevention: a challenge for psychiatrists. Psychiatry Investig. 2013;10:307-16.

Sockol LE, Epperson CN, Barber JP. The relationship between maternal attitudes and symptoms of depression and anxiety among pregnant and postpartum first-time mothers. Arch Womens Mental Health. 2014;17:199-212.

Rosario MK, Premji SS, Nyanza EC, Bouchal SR, Este D. A qualitative study of pregnancy-related anxiety among women in Tanzania. BMJ Open. 2017;7.

Ford E, Shakespeare J, Elias F, Ayers S. Recognition and management of perinatal depression and anxiety by general practitioners: a systematic review. Fam Pract. 2017;34:11-9.

6165f543a95395124248bfb4 trends Articles
Links & Downloads

Trends Psychiatry Psychother

Share this page
Page Sections