Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
https://trends.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0089
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Original Article

Female crack cocaine users under treatment at therapeutic communities in southern Brazil: characteristics, pattern of consumption, and psychiatric comorbidities

Mulheres usuárias de crack-cocaína em tratamento em comunidades terapêuticas no sul do Brasil: características, padrão de consumo e comorbidades psiquiátricas

Adriana Raquel Binsfeld Hess; Rosa Maria Martins de Almeida

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0089 Trends Psychiatry Psychother, vol.41, n4, p.369-374, 2019
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Abstract

Abstract Objective To explore and describe sociodemographic characteristics, crack consumption patterns, and psychiatric comorbidities of female crack users receiving treatment at therapeutic communities. Methods This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study. Forty-six women who abstained from crack use were assessed using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), and a profile of crack use questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted. Results Participants had a mean age of 31.02 years (standard deviation [SD] = 7.73), most were single (76.1%), white (67.4%) and had complete or incomplete elementary education (43.5%). Before treatment, 65.2% of the women reported using crack every day; 46.3% smoked between 10 to 30 crack rocks per week. Mean treatment time was 63.56 days (SD = 75.85), with a mean of 80.41 days of abstinence (SD = 74.52) and 3.37 previous treatments (SD = 5.49). Mean age upon crack use initiation was 22.61 years (SD = 8.06), and the most frequent motivation to start using crack was curiosity (78.3%). The mean lifetime duration of crack use was 82.26 months (SD = 74.76), and the physical complications most frequently reported were weight loss (93.5%), followed by sleep problems (87%). In this study, the most prevalent psychiatric diagnoses were major depressive episode (60.87%), followed by post-traumatic stress disorder (52.17%) and generalized anxiety disorder (13.07%). Conclusions Overall, a pattern of high consumption of crack was observed. The results show a high frequency of mood and anxiety disorders, with the highest frequencies found for major depressive episode and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Keywords

Crack cocaine, comorbidity, public health, therapeutic community, women

Resumo

Resumo Objetivo Explorar e descrever características sociodemográficas, padrão de consumo e comorbidades psiquiátricas em mulheres usuárias de crack recebendo tratamento em comunidades terapêuticas. Método Estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo. Quarenta e seis mulheres abstinentes de crack responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, ao Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), à Entrevista Estruturada do DSM-IV para Transtornos do Eixo I (SCID-I) e a um questionário sobre padrão de consumo de crack. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas dos dados. Resultados As participantes tinham média de 31,02 anos [desvio padrão (DP) = 7,73], eram na maioria solteiras (76,1%), brancas (67,4%) e tinham ensino fundamental completo ou incompleto (43,5%). Antes do tratamento, 65,2% das mulheres relataram usar crack todos os dias; 46,3% fumavam entre 10 e 30 pedras de crack por semana. O tempo médio de tratamento foi de 63,56 dias (DP = 75,85), com média de 80,41 dias em abstinência (DP = 74,52) e 3,37 (DP = 5,49) tratamentos anteriores. A idade média de início do uso de crack foi de 22,61 anos (DP = 8,06), e a motivação mais frequente para iniciar o uso de crack foi a curiosidade (78,3%). A duração média de uso de crack na vida foi de 82,26 meses (DP = 74,76), e as complicações físicas mais frequentemente relatadas foram perda de peso (93,5%), seguida por problemas de sono (87%). Neste estudo, os diagnósticos mais prevalentes foram episódio depressivo maior (60,87%), seguido por transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (52,17%) e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (13,07%). Conclusões Em geral, observamos um padrão de alto consumo de crack. Os resultados mostram alta frequência de transtornos de humor e ansiedade, com maiores frequências para episódio depressivo maior e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático.

Palavras-chave

Cocaína crack, comorbidade, saúde pública, comunidade terapêutica, mulheres

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