Strelau J. Temperament: a psychological perspective. 1998.

Rothbart MK, Ahadi SA, Evans DE. Temperament and personality: origins and outcomes. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000;78(1):122-35.

Millon T, Lerner MJ. Handbook of psychology. 2003.

Flores-Mendoza C, Colom R. Introdução à psicologia das diferenças individuais. 2006.

West AE, Schenkel LS, Pavuluri MN. Early childhood temperament in pediatric bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychol. 2008;64(4):402-21.

Clark LA, Watson D, Mineka S. Temperament, personality and the mood and anxiety disorders. J Abnorm Psychol. 1994;103(1):103-16.

Caspi A, Henry B, McGee RO, Moffitt TE, Silva PA. Temperamental origins of child and adolescent behavior problems: from age three to age fifteen. Child Dev. 1995;66:55-68.

Krueger RF, Barlow DH, Watson D. Introduction to the special section: towards a dimensional based taxonomy of psychopathology. J Abnorm Psychol. 2005;114(4):492-3.

Nowakowska C, Strong CM, Santos CM, Wang PW, Ketter TA. Temperamental commonalities and differences in euthymic mood disorder patients, creative controls, and healthy controls. J Affect Disord. 2005;85:207-15.

Florio A, Hamshere M, Forty L, Green EK, Grozeva D, Jones I. Affective temperaments across the bipolar-unipolar spectrum: examination of the TEMPS-A in 927 patients and controls. J Affect Disord. 2010;123:42-51.

Akiskal HS, Akiskal KK, Haykal RF, Manningd JS, Connor PD. TEMPS-A: progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. J Affect Disord. 2005;85(1-2):3-16.

Erfurth A, Gerlach AL, Hellweg I, Boenigk I, Michael N, Akiskal HS. Studies on a German (Münster) version of the temperament auto-questionnaire TEMPS-A: construction and validation of the brief TEMPS-M. J Affect Disord. 2005;85:53-69.

Akiskal HS, Djenderedjian AM, Rosenthal RH, Khani MK. Cyclothymic disorder: validating criteria for inclusion in the bipolar affective group. Am J Psychiatry. 1977;134:1227-33.

Akiskal K, Akiskal HS. The theoretical underpinnings of affective temperaments: implications for evolutionary foundations of bipolarity and human nature. J Affect Disord. 2005;85:231-9.

Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Biederman J, Calltharp S, Rosenbaum ED, Faraone SV, Rosenbaum JF. Behavioral inhibition and disinhibition as hypothesized precursors to psychopathology: implications for pediatric bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;53:985-99.

McCrae RR, Costa PT. Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987;52(1):81-90.

Caspi A, Silva PA. Temperamental qualities at age 3 predict personality traits in young adulthood: longitudinal evidence from a birth cohort. Child Dev. 1995;66:486-98.

Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Przybeck TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50:975-90.

Alloy LB, Abramson LY, Walshaw PD, Cogswell A, Grandin LD, Hughes ME. Behavioral approach system and behavioral inhibition system sensitivities and bipolar spectrum disorders: prospective prediction of bipolar mood episodes. Bipolar Disord. 2008;10:310-22.

Manterola CD, Pineda VN, Vial MG, Losada HM, Muñoz SN. Revisión sistemática de la literatura: Propuesta metodológica para su realización. Rev Chilena Cir. 2003;55(2):204-8.

Tillman R, Geller B, Craney JL, Bolhofner K, Williams M, Zimerman B. Temperament and character factors in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype compared to attention deficit hyperactive and normal controls. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2003;13(4):531-43.

Olvera RL, Fonseca M, Caetano SC, Hatch JP, Hunter K, Nicoletti M. Assessment of personality dimensions in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder using the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009;19(1):13-21.

Mendlowicz MV, Jean-Louis G, Kelsoe JR, Akiskal HS. A comparison of recovered bipolar patients, healthy relatives of bipolar probands, and normal controls using the short TEMPS-A. J Affect Disord. 2005;85:147-51.

Kesebir S, Vahip S, Akdeniz F, Yuncu Z, Alkan M, Akiskal HS. Affective temperaments as measured by TEMPS-A in patients with bipolar I disorder and their first-degree relatives: a controlled study. J Affect Disord. 2005;85:127-33.

Akiskal HS, Kilzieh N, Maser JD, Clayton PJ, Schettler PJ, Shea T. The distinct temperament profiles of bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar patients. J Affect Disord. 2006;92:19-33.

Sayin A, Kuruoglu AÇ, Güleç MY, Aslan S. Relation of temperament and character properties with clinical presentation of bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2007;48(5):446-51.

Nery FG, Hatch JP, Glahn DC, Nicoletti MA, Monkul ES, Najt P. Temperament and character traits in patients with bipolar disorder and associations with comorbid alcoholism or anxiety disorders. J Psychiatr Res. 2008;42(7):569-77.

Lönnqvist JE, Verkasalo M, Haukka J, Nyman K, Tiihonen J, Laaksonen I. Premorbid personality factors in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: results from a large cohort study of male conscripts. J Abnorm Psychol. 2009;118(2):418-23.

Nilsson AKK, Jørgensen CR, Straarup KN, Licht RW. Severity of affective temperament and maladaptive self-schemas differentiate borderline patients, bipolar patients, and controls. Compr Psychiatry. 2010;51:486-91.

Jones SH, Tai S, Evershed K, Knowles R, Bentall R. Early detection of bipolar disorder: a pilot familial high-risk study of parents with bipolar disorder and their adolescent children. Bipolar Disord. 2006;8(4):362-72.

Duffy A, Alda M, Trinneer A, Demidenko N, Grof P, Goodyer IM. Temperament, life events, and psychopathology among the offspring of bipolar parents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;16:222-8.

Singh MK, DelBello M, Strakowski SM. Temperament in child offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2008;18(6):589-93.

Buss AM, Plomin R. Temperament: early developing personality traits. 1984.

Thomas A, Chess S. Temperament and development. 1977.

Akiskal HS, Akiskal K. Cyclothymic, hyperthymic and depressive temperaments as subaffective variants of mood disorders. Annual review of psychiatry. 1992:43-62.

Barnett JH, Huang J, Perlis RH, Young MM, Rosenbaum JF, Nierenberg AA. Personality and bipolar disorder: dissecting state and trait associations between mood and personality. Psychol Med. 2010;7:1-12.

McCann SJH. Suicide, big five personality factors, and depression at the American state level. Arch Suicide Res. 2010;14(4):368-74.

Lewis M, Scott J, Frangou S. Impulsivity, personality and bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2009;24:464-9.

Ito PCP, Guzzo RSL. Temperamento: características e determinação genética. Psicol Reflex Crit. 2002;15(2):425-36.

Morgan GA, Gliner JA, Harmon R. Clinicians' guide to research methods and statistics. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38(12):1595-7.

Alloy LB, Abramson LY, Walshaw PD, Cogswell A, Smith JM, Neeren AM. Behavioral Approach System (BAS) sensitivity and bipolar spectrum disorders: a retrospective and concurrent behavioral high-risk design. Motiv Emot. 2006;30:143-55.

Azorin JM, Kaladjian A, Adida M, Hantouche EG, Hameg A, Lancrenon S. Psychopathological correlates of lifetime anxiety comorbidity in bipolar I patients: findings from a French national cohort. Psychopathology. 2009;42:380-6.

Gonda X, Rihmer Z, Zsombak T, Bagdy G, Akiskal K, Akiskal HS. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene is associated with affective temperaments as measured by TEMPS-A. J Affect Disord. 2006;91:125-31.

Gunthert KC, Conner TS, Armeli S, Tennen H, Covault J, Krangler HR. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and anxiety reactivity in daily life: a daily process approach to gene-environment interaction. Psychosom Med. 2007;69:762-8.

Krueger RF, Hicks BM, Patrick CJ, Carlson SR, Iacono WG, McGue M. Etiologic connections among substance dependence, antisocial behavior, and personality: modeling the externalizing spectrum. J Abnorm Psychol. 2002;107:216-27.

Krueger RF. The structure of common mental disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:921-6.

Krueger RF, Caspi A, Moffit T, Silva PA. The structure and stability of common mental disorders (DSM-III-R): a longitudinal-epidemiological study. J Abnorm Psychol. 1998;107(2):216-27.