Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
https://trends.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/S2237-60892012000300006
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Original Article

Brazilian Portuguese version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS-Brasil)

Versão em português brasileiro da Escala Spence de Ansiedade Infantil (SCAS-Brasil)

Diogo A. DeSousa; Circe S. Petersen; Rafaela Behs; Gisele G. Manfro; Silvia H. Koller

Downloads: 4
Views: 693

Abstract

Objective: To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) for use in Brazil. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation followed a four-step process, based on specialized literature: 1) investigation of conceptual and item equivalence; 2) translation and back-translation; 3) pretest; and 4) investigation of operational equivalence. All these procedures were carried out for both the child and the parent versions of the SCAS. Results: A final Brazilian version of the instrument, named SCAS-Brasil, was defined and is presented. Conclusion: The SCAS-Brasil instrument seems to be very similar to the original SCAS in terms of conceptual and item equivalence, semantics, and operational equivalence, suggesting that future cross-cultural studies may benefit from this early version. As a result, a new instrument is now available for the assessment of childhood anxiety symptoms in community, clinical, and research settings.

Keywords

Anxiety, anxiety disorders, cross-cultural adaptation

Resumo

Objetivo: Descrever a adaptação transcultural da Escala Spence de Ansiedade Infantil (Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, SCAS) para uso no Brasil. Método: O processo de adaptação transcultural seguiu um processo de quatro etapas baseado em literatura especializada: 1) investigação da equivalência conceitual e dos itens; 2) tradução e retrotradução; 3) pré-teste; e 4) investigação da equivalência operacional. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados tanto para a versão da criança quanto para a versão dos pais da SCAS. Resultados: Uma versão final brasileira do instrumento, denominada SCAS-Brasil, foi obtida e é apresentada. Conclusão: A SCAS-Brasil se mostra muito similar à versão original da SCAS no que diz respeito à equivalência conceitual e dos itens, semântica e equivalência operacional, sugerindo que futuros estudos transculturais poderiam se beneficiar desta primeira versão. Como resultado, um novo instrumento está agora disponível para a avaliação de sintomas de ansiedade na infância, em contextos comunitário, clínico e de pesquisa.

Palavras-chave

Ansiedade, transtornos de ansiedade, adaptação transcultural

References

Baumeister H, Härter M. Prevalence of mental disorders based on general population surveys. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol.. 2007;42:537-46.

Hollander EH, Simeon D. Anxiety disorders. The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry. 2008.

Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A. Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:837-44.

Fisak Jr BJ, Richard D, Mann A. The prevention of child and adolescent anxiety: a meta-analytic review. Prev Sci.. 2011;12:255-69.

Asbahr FR. Anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence: clinical and neurobiological aspects. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80:S28-34.

Fleitlich-Bilyk B, Goodman R. Prevalence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in southeast Brazil. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43:727-34.

Silva WV, Figueiredo VLM. Childhood anxiety and assessment instruments: a systematic review. Rev Bras Psiquiatr.. 2005;27:329-35.

Vianna RB, Campos AA, Landeira-Fernandez J. Anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence: a review. Rev Bras Ter Cogn.. 2009;5:46-61.

Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51:8-19.

Pine DS. Childhood anxiety disorders. Curr Opin Pediatr.. 1997;9:329-38.

Sylvester CS. Separation anxiety disorder and other anxiety disorders. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 2000.

Bittner A, Egger HL, Erkanli A, Jane Costello E, Foley DL, Angold A. What do childhood anxiety disorders predict?. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007;48:1174-83.

Pine DS, Cohen P, Gurley D, Brook J, Ma Y. The risk for early-adulthood anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:56-64.

Konnopka A, Leichsenring F, Leibing E, König HH. Cost-of-illness studies and cost-effectiveness analyses in anxiety disorders: a systematic review. J Affect Disord.. 2009;114:14-31.

Bolton JM, Cox BJ, Afifi TO, Enns MW, Bienvenu OJ, Sareen J. Anxiety disorders and risk for suicide attempts: findings from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-Up Study. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25:477-81.

Isolan LR, Zeni CP, Mezzomo K, Blaya C, Kipper L, Heldt E. Behavioral inhibition and history of childhood anxiety disorders in Brazilian adult patients with panic disorder and social anxiety disorder. Rev Bras Psiquiatr.. 2005;27:97-100.

Manfro GG, Isolan L, Blaya C, Maltz S, Heldt E, Pollack MH. Relationship between adult social phobia and childhood anxiety. Rev Bras Psiquiatr.. 2003;25:96-9.

Manfro GG, Isolan L, Blaya C, Santos L, Silva M. Retrospective study of the association between adulthood panic disorder and childhood anxiety disorders. Rev Bras Psiquiatr.. 2002;24:26-9.

Muris P, Merckelbach H, Ollendick T, King N, Bogie N. Three traditional and three new childhood anxiety questionnaires: their reliability and validity in a normal adolescent sample. Behav Res Ther.. 2002;40:753-72.

Spence SH. A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behav Res Ther.. 1998;36:545-66.

Spielberger CD. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety for Children. 1973.

Biaggio AMB, Spielberger CD. Manual do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado: Forma infantil: IDATE-C. 1983.

Reynolds CR, Richmond BO. What I think and feel: a revised measure of children's manifest anxiety. J Abnorm Child Psychol.. 1978;6:271-80.

Gorayeb MAM, Gorayeb R. Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) adapted to Portuguese in Brazil. Temas Psicol.. 2008;16:35-45.

Spence SH. Structure of anxiety symptoms among children: a confirmatory factor-analytic study. J Abnorm Psychol.. 1997;106:280-97.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 1994.

Essau CA, Muris P, Ederer EM. Reliability and validity of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders in German children. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2002;33:1-18.

Nauta MH, Scholing A, Rapee RM, Abbott M, Spence SH, Waters A. A parent-report measure of children's anxiety: psychometric properties and comparison with child-report in a clinic and normal sample. Behav Res Ther.. 2004;42:813-39.

Mellon RC, Moutavelis AG. Structure, developmental course, and correlates of children's anxiety disorder-related behavior in a Hellenic community sample. J Anxiety Disord.. 2007;21:1-21.

Ishikawa S, Sato H, Sasagawa S. Anxiety disorder symptoms in Japanese children and adolescents. J Anxiety Disord.. 2009;23:104-11.

Hernández-Guzmán L, Bermúdez-Ornelas G, Spence SH, González MJ, Martínez-Guerrero JI, Aguilar J. Spanish version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS). Rev Latinoam Psicol.. 2010;42:13-24.

Boaini K. Spence Children's Anxiety Symptoms Scale: standardization of the scale on samples of children and their mothers [thesis]. 2010.

Essau CA, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Muñoz LC. Psychometric properties of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) in Cypriot children and adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev.. 2011;42:557-68.

Essau CA, Sasagawa S, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Guzmán BO, Ollendick TH. Psychometric properties of the Spence Child Anxiety Scale with adolescents from five European countries. J Anxiety Disord.. 2011;25:19-27.

Gjersing L, Caplehorn JRM, Clausen T. Cross-cultural adaptation of research instruments: language, setting, time and statistical considerations. BMC Med Res Methodol.. 2010;10:1-10.

Herdman M, Fox-Rushby J, Badia X. A model of equivalence in the cultural adaptation of HRQoL instruments: the universalist approach. Qual Life Res.. 1998;7:323-35.

Reichenheim ME, Moraes CL. Operationalizing the cross-cultural adaptation of epidemiological measurement instruments. Rev Saude Publica. 2007;41:665-73.

International Test Commission guidelines for translating and adapting tests: Version 2010. .

Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine. 2000;25:3186-91.

Guillemin F, Bombardier C, Beaton D. Cross-cultural adaptation of health related quality of life measures: literature review and proposed guidelines. J Clin Epidemiol.. 1993;46:1417-32.

Wang W, Lee H, Fetzer SJ. Challenges and strategies of instrument translation. West J Nurs Res.. 2006;28:310-21.

Birmaher B, Khetarpal S, Brent D, Cully M, Balach L, Kaufman J. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric characteristics. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:545-53.

Isolan L, Salum GA, Osowski AT, Amaro E, Manfro GG. Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child and Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in Brazilian children and adolescents. J Anxiety Disord.. 2011;25:741-8.

616b2fd2a95395382415d7f2 trends Articles
Links & Downloads

Trends Psychiatry Psychother

Share this page
Page Sections