Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
https://trends.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/S2237-60892012000400002
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Review Article

Common mental disorders in mothers vs. infant and obstetric outcomes: a review

Transtornos mentais comuns em mães versus desfechos infantis e obstétricos: uma revisão

Paula Borba; Carla Fonseca Zambaldi; Amaury Cantilino; Everton Botelho Sougey

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2237-60892012000400002 Trends Psychiatry Psychother, vol.34, n4, p.171-177, 2012
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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy has been shown to increase women’s vulnerability to mental disorders. Common mental disorders (CMDs) have been studied both in the general population and in pregnant vs. non-pregnant women. During pregnancy, CMDs have been considered a potential predictor of obstetric and infant outcomes. METHODS: A search was conducted on the PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases to find relevant articles written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. No limit was established for year of publication, but only studies involving human beings were included. RESULTS: A total of 25 articles were selected. There was a consensus among studies that the mean prevalence of CMD during pregnancy is 20%. There was also agreement that the occurrence of CMDs during pregnancy is a predictor of postpartum depression and anxiety disorders and that the disorder remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. As for the positive association between CMDs and obstetric and infant complications, results are still conflicting. In lower-income countries, frequently there is an association between CMD and perinatal changes. It is argued that some confounding factors, such as sociodemographic and cultural differences, health and maternal conditions, and type of instruments used, probably contribute to this lack of consensus. CONCLUSION: We believe that the conflicting results found in the literature are caused by differences in methodology and sociodemographic factors that influence the development of CMDs. Despite these differences, our findings underscore the need for depression and anxiety disorders during pregnancy to be studied and better identified by all professionals who provide antenatal care.

Keywords

Mental disorders, women, pregnancy, infant

Resumo

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos têm mostrado que a gravidez torna a mulher mais vulnerável a transtornos mentais. Os transtornos mentais comuns (TMCs) têm sido estudados tanto na população geral quanto em mulheres grávidas versus não grávidas. Durante a gravidez, os TMCs são considerados um potencial fator preditivo de desfechos obstétricos e perinatais. MÉTODOS: Uma pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO em busca de artigos relevantes publicados em inglês, espanhol e português. Não foi estabelecido um limite para ano de publicação, mas apenas estudos envolvendo humanos foram incluídos. RESULTADOS: Um total de 25 artigos foram selecionados. Houve consenso entre os estudos de que a prevalência média de TMC durante a gravidez é de 20%. Também houve consenso de que a ocorrência de TMCs durante a gravidez é um fator preditivo de depressão pós-parto e transtornos de ansiedade, e de que o transtorno não vem sendo diagnosticado nem tratado. Com relação à associação positiva entre TMCs e desfechos obstétricos e perinatais, os resultados ainda são conflitantes. Em países de baixa renda, frequentemente se observa uma associação entre TMC e alterações perinatais. Argumenta-se que alguns fatores de confusão, tais como diferenças sociodemográficas e culturais, condições de saúde e maternas e tipo de instrumento usado, provavelmente contribuem para essa falta de consenso. CONCLUSÃO: Acreditamos que os resultados conflitantes encontrados na literatura são causados por diferenças na metodologia e fatores sociodemográficos que influenciam o desenvolvimento de TMCs. Apesar dessas diferenças, nossos achados salientam a necessidade de que a depressão e os transtornos da ansiedade durante a gravidez sejam estudados e melhor identificados por todos os profissionais que prestam cuidados pré-natais.

Palavras-chave

Transtornos mentais, mulheres, gravidez, lactente

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