Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
https://trends.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/S2237-60892013000100004
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Review Article

Treating refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: what to do when conventional treatment fails?

Tratando o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo refratário: o que fazer quando tratamentos convencionais falham?

Adelar Pedro Franz; Mariana Paim; Rafael Moreno de Araújo; Virgínia de Oliveira Rosa; Ísis Mendes Barbosa; Carolina Blaya; Ygor Arzeno Ferrão

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Abstract

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and impairing condition. A very small percentage of patients become asymptomatic after treatment. The purpose of this paper was to review the alternative therapies available for OCD when conventional treatment fails. Data were extracted from controlled clinical studies (evidence-based medicine) published on the MEDLINE and Science Citation Index/Web of Science databases between 1975 and 2012. Findings are discussed and suggest that clinicians dealing with refractory OCD patients should: 1) review intrinsic phenomenological aspects of OCD, which could lead to different interpretations and treatment choices; 2) review extrinsic phenomenological aspects of OCD, especially family accommodation, which may be a risk factor for non-response; 3) consider non-conventional pharmacological approaches; 4) consider non-conventional psychotherapeutic approaches; and 5) consider neurobiological approaches.

Keywords

refractoriness, resistance, obsessive-compulsive disorder, treatment response, risk factors, prognosis

Resumo

O transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) é uma doença crônica e incapacitante. Uma pequena porcentagem de pacientes se torna assintomática após o tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar as alternativas terapêuticas para o tratamento de TOC quando os tratamentos convencionais falham. Os dados foram extraídos de estudos clínicos controlados (medicina baseada em evidências) publicados nas bases de dados MEDLINE e Science Citation Index/Web of Science entre 1975 e de 2012. Os resultados são discutidos e sugerem as seguintes abordagens para profissionais que lidam com TOC refratário: 1) rever aspectos fenomenológicos intrínsecos ao TOC, o que pode levar a entendimentos diferenciados e à escolhas terapêuticas distintas; 2) rever aspectos fenomenológicos extrínsecos ao TOC, principalmente acomodação familiar, que pode ser fator de risco para a não resposta; 3) considerar abordagens farmacológicas não convencionais; 4) considerar abordagens psicoterapêuticas não convencionais; e 5) considerar abordagens neurobiológicas.

Palavras-chave

refratariedade, resistência, transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, resposta ao tratamento, fatores de risco, prognóstico

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