Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
https://trends.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/S2237-60892013000300003
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Review Article

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in Brazil: a systematic review

O Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática

André Rutz; Amer Cavalheiro Hamdan; Melissa Lamar

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2237-60892013000300003 Trends Psychiatry Psychother, vol.35, n3, p.160-170, 2013
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Abstract

Background: Decision-making is a complex, multidimensional cognitive function that requires the choice between two or more options and also the predictive analysis of its consequences. One of the tools most widely used to assess decision-making in neuropsychological research is the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Objective: To conduct a systematic review of articles reporting empirical IGT studies based in Brazil. Method: Articles were obtained from multiple journal databases including ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, and Scholar Google. Results: Thirty-six studies were included in this review and divided into four categories according to main subject matter (psychiatry & personality; demographic & cultural variables; medical/clinic; and psychometric properties & test administration standardization). In general, there was a significant growth in research employing IGT (Χ² = 17.6, df = 5, p = 0.0003), but this growth was restricted to a few geographic areas of Brazil. The psychiatry & personality subject matter was the most abundant, accounting for 14 publications (39% of the total sample). Conclusion: Since its first adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese in 2006, a growing interest in decision-making as measured by the IGT can be observed, with psychiatry & personality topics representing a large portion of the scientific inquiry to date. Nevertheless, in order to extend the initial results of Brazilian IGT decision-making research, more studies are necessary - across a more diverse range of topics, including demographic & cultural variables, and psychometric properties & test administration standardization, the areas least studied -, as is the dissemination of the IGT to more regions of the country.

Keywords

Neuropsychological tests, systematic review, Iowa Gambling Task, decision-making

Resumo

Contexto: A tomada de decisão é uma função cognitiva complexa e multidimensional que envolve a escolha entre duas ou mais opções, bem como a análise preditiva das suas consequências. Um dos instrumentos de pesquisa mais amplamente utilizados para avaliar a tomada de decisão em neurociência é o Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática de artigos empíricos conduzidos com o IGT no Brasil. Método: Os artigos foram obtidos através de busca nos bancos de dados ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS e Scholar Google. Resultados: Trinta e seis estudos foram incluídos e divididos em quatro categorias de acordo com o tema principal (variáveis demográficas e culturais; psiquiatria e personalidade; variáveis médico-genéticas e saúde geral; e propriedades psicométricas e padronização de aplicação). Em geral, houve um crescimento significativo da pesquisa utilizando o IGT (Χ² = 17,6, gl = 5, p = 0,0003), porém restrito a algumas áreas geográficas brasileiras. O eixo temático de psiquiatria e personalidade foi o que mais produziu estudos, contabilizando 14 publicações (39% da amostra total). Conclusão: Desde sua primeira adaptação para o português brasileiro em 2006, pode-se observar um crescente interesse pela tomada de decisão medida pelo IGT, sendo assuntos relacionados ao tema psiquiatria e personalidade responsáveis por grande parte dos estudos realizados até o momento. No entanto, para ampliar os resultados iniciais da pesquisa nacional com o IGT, mais estudos são necessários - com uma amplitude maior de áreas temáticas, incluindo as categorias menos estudadas até o momento: variáveis demográficas e culturais e propriedades psicométricas e padronização de aplicação - bem como uma maior disseminação do IGT em outros centros regionais do país.

Palavras-chave

Testes neuropsicológicos, revisão sistemática, Iowa Gambling Task, tomada de decisão

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