Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and brain metabolites from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Marcos Vinícius Vidor, Alana Castro Panzenhagen, Alexandre Ribeiro Martins, Renata Basso Cupertino, Cibele Edom Bandeira, Luis Augusto Rohde, Diego Luiz Rovaris, Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau, Eugênio Horácio Grevet
Abstract
Despite major advances in the study of the brain, investigations on neurochemistry in vivo still lack the solid ground of more established methods, such as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a technique that might potentially fill in this gap. Nevertheless, studies using this approach feature great methodological heterogeneity, such as varying voxel of choice, differences on emphasized metabolites, and absence of a standardized unit. In this study, we present a methodology for creating a systematic review and meta-analysis for this kind of scientific evidence using the prototypical case of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Systematic review registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42018112418.
Keywords
References
1 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
2 Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:942-8.
3 Kessler RC, Adler L, Barkley R, Biederman J, Conners CK, Demler O, et al. The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:716-23.
4 Danckaerts M, Sonuga-Barke EJ, Banashewski T, Buitelaar J, Döphner M, Hillis C, et al. The quality of life of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;19:83-105.
5 Biederman J, Faraone SV. The effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on employment and household income. Med Gen Med. 2006;8:12.
6 Dalsgaard S, Østergaard SD, Leckman JF, Mortensen PB, Pedersen MG. Mortality in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study. Lancet. 2015;385:2190-6.
7 Alexander L, Farrelly N. Attending to adult ADHD: a review of the neurobiology behind adult ADHD. Ir J Psychol Med. 2018;35:237-44.
8 Tripp G, Wickens JR. Neurobiology of ADHD. Neuropharmacology. 2009;57:579-89.
9 Jones EG, Mendell LM. Assessing the decade of the brain. Science. 1999;284:739.
10 Cortese S, Kelly C, Chabernaud C, Proal E, DiMartino A, Milham MP, et al. Toward systems neuroscience of ADHD: a meta-analysis of 55 fMRI studies. Am J Psychiatry. 2012;169:1038-55.
11 Foley P. Succi nervorum: a brief history of neurochemistry. J Neural Transm Suppl. 2007;72:5-15.
12 Bonavita S, DiSalle F, Tedeschi G. Proton MRS in neurological disorders. Eur J Radiol. 1999;30:125-31.
13 DiCostanzo A, Trosji F, Tosetti M, Giannatempo GM, Nemore F, Piccirillo M, et al. High-field proton MRS of human brain. Eur. J. Radiol. 2003;48:146-53.
14 Dager SR, Corrigan NM, Richards TL, Posse S. Research applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate psychiatric disorders. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;19:81-96.
15 Juchem C, Rothman DL. Basis of magnetic resonance. In: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2014. p. 3-14.
16 De Graaf RA. In vivo NMR spectroscopy: principles and techniques. New York: Wiley; 2007.
17 Behar KL, Hollander JA, Stromski ME, Ogino T, Shulman RG, Petroff OA, et al. High-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance study of cerebral hypoxia in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1983;80:4945-8.
18 Bottomley PA, Edelstein WA, Foster TH, Adams WA. In vivo solvent-suppressed localized hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a window to metabolism? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1985;82:2148-52.
19 Hesslinger B, Thiel T, Tebartz van Elst L, Hennig J, Ebert D. Attention-deficit disorder in adults with or without hyperactivity: where is the difference? A study in humans using short echo (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neurosci Lett. 2001;304:117-9.
20 Jin Z, Zang YF, Zeng YW, Zhang L, Wang YF. Striatal neuronal loss or dysfunction and choline rise in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neurosci Lett. 2001;315:45-8.
21 Near J. Spectral quantification and pitfalls in interpreting magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. In: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Montreal: McGill; 2014. p. 49-67.
22 Benamor L. (1)H-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of stimulant medication effect on brain metabolites in French Canadian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:47-54.
23 Bauer J, Werner A, Kohl W, Kugel H, Shushakova A, Petersen A, et al. Hyperactivity and impulsivity in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is related to glutamatergic dysfunction in the anterior cingulate cortex. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2018;19:538-46.
24 Russo MW. How to review a meta-analysis. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;3:637-42.
25 Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ. 2015;350:g7647.
26 Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4:1.
27 Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version 6.0. 2019. www.training.cochrane.org/handbook » www.training.cochrane.org/handbook
28 Pires GN, Bezerra AG, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Effects of experimental sleep deprivation on anxiety-like behavior in animal research: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;68:575-89.
29 Pires GN, Bezerra AG, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Effects of acute sleep deprivation on state anxiety levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med. 2016;24:109-18.
30 Wells GA, Shea B, O’Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2019. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp » http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp
31 Higgins JPT, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:153958.
32 Schwarzer G. General package for meta-analysis. CRAN. 2019. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/meta/meta.pdf » https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/meta/meta.pdf
33 Weinberger DR, Radulescu E. Finding the elusive psychiatric “lesion” with 21st-century neuroanatomy: a note of caution. Am J Psychiatry. 2016;173:27-33.
34 Eklund A, Nichols TE, Knutsson H. Cluster failure: why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113:79005.
35 Cremers HR, Wager TD, Yarkoni T. The relation between statistical power and inference in fMRI. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0184923.
36 Belkić D, Belkić K. A meta-analysis of studies using MR spectroscopy for evaluating suspicious lesions after radiation therapy of primary brain tumors. J Math Chem. 2012;50:2527-57.
37 Aoki Y, Inokuchi R, Suwa H, Aoki A. Age-related change of neurochemical abnormality in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013;37:1692-701.
38 Moriguchi S, Takamiya A, Noda Y, Horita N, Wada M, Tsugawa S, et al. Glutamatergic neurometabolite levels in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2019;24:952-64.
39 Zeng G, Pennikilampi R, Chaganti J, Montagnese S, Brew BJ, Danta M. Meta-analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy. Neurology. 2020;94:e1147-56.
40 Perlov E, Philipsen A, Matthies S, Drieling T, Maier S, Bubl E, et al. Spectroscopic findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: review and meta-analysis. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2009;10:355-65.
41 Wang H, Tan L, Wang HF, Liu Y, Yin RH, Wang WY, et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;46:1049-70.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email