Exploring protective factors in a high-risk subsample: the pivotal role of paternal support in preventing depression in a cohort of young adults
Barbara Tietbohl-Santos, Bruno Braga Montezano, Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso, Thaíse Campos Mondin, Fernanda Pedrotti Moreira, Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza, Ricardo Azevedo da Silva, Flavio Kapczinski, Karen Jansen, Ives Cavalcante Passos
Abstract
Objective
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global concern due to its widespread prevalence and morbidity. It is crucial to identify protective factors in high-risk individuals, including those with a familial predisposition, maltreatment history, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities.
Methods
We assessed a high-risk subsample within a young adult population cohort (n = 791; mean age = 31.94 [standard deviation {SD} = 2.18]) across three waves, using multiple regression models to analyze higher education, feeling supported, spirituality, psychotherapy access, higher socioeconomic status, involvement in activities, cohabitation, and family unity in waves 1 and 2 and their association with MDD resilience at wave 3.
Results
In the high-risk group, MDD incidence was 13.7% (n = 24). Paternal support had a protective effect on MDD incidence (odds ratio [OR] = 0.366; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.137 to 0.955; p = 0.040) and suicide attempt risk (OR = 0.380; 95%CI 0.150 to 0.956; p = 0.038). Higher resilience scores were also protective (OR = 0.975; 95%CI 0.953 to 0.997; p = 0.030), correlating with reduced Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (r = 0.0484; B = −0.2202; 95%CI −0.3572 to −0.0738; p = 0.003) and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores (r = 0.0485; B = −0.2204; 95%CI −0.3574 to −0.0741; p = 0.003).
Conclusion
Our paper emphasizes reorienting the MDD approach, focusing on positive prevention strategies. It highlights the crucial role of fathers in family-based interventions and in promoting resilience in high-risk populations.
Keywords
Submitted date:
01/22/2024
Accepted date:
04/10/2024